Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) was a Swiss-born philosopher, writer, and political thinker whose ideas greatly influenced modern political philosophy and democratic theory. He is best known for works such as The Social Contract, Emile, or On Education, and his writings on inequality, freedom, and human nature. Rousseau’s concept of the “general will” and his theories about society and government played a major role in shaping Enlightenment thought and political movements around the world.